Ideal Gas Thermodynamics

Molecular chamber / 01

Running

Pressure

1.00 atm

Temperature

300 K

Volume

1.00 L

Mean speed

447 m/s

Thermodynamic process 01

Temperature, volume, and molecular speed can be changed independently.

Gas composition 02

Molecules 180

State variables 03

Reference temperature 300 K

80 K 900 K

Volume 1.00 L

0.45 L 2.40 L

Molecular speed 100%

20% 220%

Particle mass 28.0 u

Display 04

Velocity trails

Container grid

Pressure impacts

Equation of state

PV = nRT

Pressure depends on the amount of gas, absolute temperature, and volume.

Relative pressure

1.00 × reference

The chamber is near the reference pressure.

Process constraint

P ∝ T / V

Both state variables are free.

Idealized hard-sphere gas. The displayed pressure is calculated from the ideal-gas law. Molecular impacts are visualized separately to make the microscopic interpretation intuitive.