Electron Flow / Resistance

Circuit parameters

Applied voltage 12.0 V

Wire length 1.00 m

Cross-sectional area 1.00 mm²

Resistivity 1.68 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m

Physical display

Electron motion Current direction Electric field markers Coordinate axes Wire surface shine

Physical model

Resistance follows R = ρL/A. Current follows I = V/R. Increasing length raises resistance. Increasing cross-sectional area lowers resistance. Increasing resistivity lowers the current for the same applied voltage. Electron animation represents conventional drift qualitatively; random thermal motion is also shown.

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